Effectiveness of Motivated Social Motional Learning (MSEL) Program on Bullying Among Hong Kong Primary School Students

"MSEL arm consists of three intervention components: 1) CSEL, 2) the meaningful role tasks, and 3) the Secret Angel activity. First, participants in the MSEL arm will receive the same 6-session SEL as participants in the Curriculum-based Social-Emotional Learning arm.~Second, other than the CSEL, the second component is the Class Diploma tasks adopted from the pupil responsibilities intervention developed by Ellies et al. (2016). Participants will be provided with a list of meaningful roles and select the role they are willing to take based on their talents and interests. Each participant will take the role for two weeks, fulfilling the related duties and responsibilities. The third component is the Secret Angel, in which participants will anonymously recognize each other via the appraisal notes on Shout Out for Your Board."

"In the CSEL arm, 6-session SEL training will be delivered as the experimental component. The primary goal of the SEL training is to reduce traditional bullying and cyberbullying perpetration and victimization by enhancing students' social-emotional competence, which has been examined to be the protective factor for bullying-related behaviors.~Each session lasts 40 minutes and is delivered by the headteacher in each class weekly as an after-school workshop. The SEL curriculum is tailored to the social-emotional needs of primary school students, as suggested by CASEL (2013). Also, building on past literature highlighting the lack of SEC as a risk factor linked to bullying behaviors both in the physical and cyber world, specific topics such as self-appreciation (self-awareness), stress management (self-management), respect and acceptance (social awareness), and conflict resolution (relationship skills) incorporated into the curriculum design."