Cardiometabolic Benefit of Reducing Iatrogenic Hyperinsulinemia Using Insulin Adjunctive Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes

Hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) study. The study will randomize participants to first receive a five-hour intravenous insulin infusion to achieve normal plasma insulin concentrations (Eu-Ins) or higher plasma insulin concentrations (Hi-Ins)

"* T1DM participants in the Hi-Ins study will receive an oral placebo. During the Eu-Ins study they will receive an SGLT2i.~* CGK-MODY participants and healthy volunteers will receive placebo in both studies."

Hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) study. Insulin levels infused during the five-hour insulin infusion will be opposite of the first visit.

Concurrent with starting the five-hour infusion, T1DM participants in the Eu-Ins study will receive an SGLT2i dose (empagliflozin 25 mg).