Impact of Physiotherapy on Spasticity, Upper Limb Function, Daily Activities, and Kinesiophobia in Hemiplegic Patients

The treatment program consisted of 3 sessions per week, each lasting 45 minutes. The rehabilitation program included 30 minutes of conventional TENS application to the wrist extensor muscles and quadriceps muscle, upper and lower extremity exercises, balance and coordination exercises, and weight transfer exercises. The upper extremity exercises consisted of range of motion exercises for the shoulder joint, while the lower extremity exercises included range of motion exercises for the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Balance exercises included forward, backward, and lateral leaning exercises, as well as weight transfer and stepping exercises in all directions. The treatment duration was planned to be a total of 24 sessions over 8 weeks. Evaluations were conducted before and after the treatment program.