Foot-Ankle Exercise and Walking Exercise on Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Foot-ankle exercise group will receive usual care provide by public health center and intervention through health education, leaflets, and videos about foot-ankle exercise. At the first meeting, participants will be taught how to do foot exercises and practice them in front of the instructor. Afterwards, participants will practice foot exercises independently without supervision for 12 weeks. One foot exercise session takes 10-15 minutes, while the physical activity target is for participants to fulfil a moderate level of physical activity (150 minutes/week). For this reason, participants are advised to do foot exercises for 2-3 sessions every day. The minimum duration of each session is 10 minutes, and two consecutive days without foot exercise are not allowed. Participants are asked to document all foot exercise practices in the logbook given at the first meeting. To monitor the intervention, we will contact participants by telephone for ±5 minutes/week.

Participants in the walking exercise group will receive usual care provide by public health center and intervention through health education and leaflets about walking exercise. Participants will practice walking exercises independently without supervision for 12 weeks. Participants walked at the same speed as they did every day. The physical activity target to be achieved is for participants to be able to engage in a moderate level of physical activity (150 minutes/week). For this reason, participants are advised to do walking exercises with a minimum duration of 10 minutes for each session. Two consecutive days without walking exercise are not allowed, and a minimum of 150 minutes/week is allowed. Participants are asked to document all walking exercise practices in the logbook given at the first meeting. To monitor the intervention, we will contact participants by telephone for ±5 minutes/week.

Participants in the control group will receive the usual care provided by the community health center and intervention in the form of health education about DM in general.