Thoracic Sympathetic Ganglion Block With Botulinum Toxin Type A

Patients were assigned 1:1 to a control group using only local anesthetics (Group A) and a BTX-A group (Group B). In Phase 1, the needle is inserted near the vertebrae T3 under fluoroscopic guidance. An 1 ml of non-ionized contrast medium is injected to evaluate the diffusion pattern, and 3ml of 0.75% ropivacaine is injected. After identifying a temperature increase in the ipsilateral palm within 20 min in the operating room with the prone position, 3 ml of 0.375% ropivacaine and botulinum toxin type A 75 IU mixed with 3 ml of non-preserved saline solution are injected in the patients in the control and botulinum toxin groups, respectively.