Head-mounted Display for Central Venous Catheterization

The operators in the control group will perform the procedure by visualizing the conventional ultrasound images displayed directly on the ultrasound screen. Each operator will perform an internal jugular vein cannulation via the short-axis approach. To standardize the approach, the ultrasound machine will be placed just to the right of the patient and operators will be asked to stand at the head of the patient and perform the procedure on the patient's internal jugular vein. Each operator could determine the height of the surgical table, and the posture during the procedure that will be most familiar to him/her to increase the success rate. Every procedure will be recorded by focusing on the participant's hands and faces.

In the HMD group, the ultrasound machine will be located behind the operator to remove the distraction, and the operator will not be allowed to see the ultrasound screen during the procedure. Images from the MR ultrasound machine will be transmitted to HMD via a novel connection developed specifically for this purpose. The operator will wear a pair of HMD and perform the procedure by visualizing the ultrasound images displayed on their HMD screen instead of the ultrasound screen. Each operator will perform an internal jugular vein cannulation via the short-axis approach. Every procedure will be recorded by focusing on the participant's hands and faces.