Effects of Specialised Physical Education in Volleyball on Middle School Students' Physical Fitness and Performance

Volleyball Specialised Physical Education Intervention is a step-by-step approach to teaching the intervention. Each lesson was conducted as a Warm-up (10 minutes), Basic contents of the PE lesson (25 minutes), and Cool-down (5 minutes). From the learning of basic skills in the first session to the final Combination Practice underhand service, receive, service, pass, spiking, and block, from the simple to the difficult, the intensity of the training is from weak to strong, Allowing participants to build upon a solid foundation toward mastering intricate volleyball maneuvers. Intensity modulation is key to this intervention; training intensity evolves from moderate to vigorous, aligning with the increasing complexity of skills and the physical demand required to execute them proficiently. The curriculum is thoughtfully designed to transition from basic skill execution to complex gameplay, with each lesson introducing new skills or refining existing ones.

Participants participating in the control group will attend traditional physical education classes following the established physical education syllabus. Participants in the control group will attend four 40-minute classes per week over ten weeks. Each session will consist of a warm-up (10 minutes), the basics of PE (25 minutes), and a cool-down (5 minutes). The duration and intensity of the experimental and control groups were the same, which allowed for a better comparison.