Validity of an Upper Extremity Physical Performance Test Battery in Healthy Athletes

The test is performed in a pushup position with the hands placed 91.4 cm apart on strips of athletic tape. The person reaches with alternating hands across the body to touch the piece of tape under the opposing hand. The number of cross-body touches performed in 15 seconds is recorded. In total, three 15-s test trials were performed, with 45 s rest between each trial.

The test is performed in a pushup position with the hands one half-arm span apart on strips of athletic tape. The person reaches with alternating hands across the body to touch the piece of tape under the opposing hand. The number of cross-body touches performed in 15 seconds is recorded. In total, three 15-s test trials were performed, with 45 s rest between each trial.

Set up requires that the subject is placed in a seated position with their back against the wall, and a 2kg medicine ball held in a shot put position. When ready, the subject will perform a shot put motion to project the medicine ball as far as possible. The average of three trials is recorded for each arm.

Participants starts in a modified (on elbows) push-up position. Participants are positioned next to a wall in order to allow the shoulder, the elbow epicondyle, the greater trochanter and the lateral malleolus of the ankle to touch the wall. Participants are asked to perform a trunk rotation, coupled with an external rotation of the shoulder in a 90°-90° position (90° abduction, 90° external rotation) touching the tape placed vertically on the wall as quickly as possible for 15 s. Finally, three 15-s test trials were performed, with 45 s rest between each trial.

Participants were instructed to stand up straight with their back against a wall. The tested arm was placed in a 90°forward flexion holding a 1-m long thera-band® fixed at shoulder height on a graduated stick. Participants were asked to pull the thera-band® from the starting position 90°forward flexion-to a 90° external rotation and 90° abduction (90°90°position) at an alternated cadence given by a metronome. Males are asked to pull a green thera-band (2.1 kg) and females a red thera-band (1.7 kg). Repetitions are performed until the participant is fatigued.

The participant is positioned prone, with the test shoulder off the table and the arm perpendicular to the floor. A bar on a stick is adjusted for each patient and fixed at the point that the participant's shoulder reaches 90° of horizontal abduction, the point at which the participant was to hold the arm at the top of the arc of motion for 1 second. The participant held a weight equal to 2% of his body weight (rounded to the nearest 0.5 kg). Starting with the arm perpendicular to the floor, the participant horizontally abducted his arm to 90 degrees at a cadence of 30 beats per minute. Repetitions are performed until the participant is fatigued.

shoulder external rotation and internal rotation measured with a hand held dynanometer

Hand grip strength measured with a JAMAR Hand Dynamometer

Passive external rotation in supine position with arm in 90° abduction - passive internal rotation in supine position with arm in 90° abduction.

The KJOC-SES survey is composed of ten 10-point questions to evaluate specifically the performance of overhead athletes, with the highest performance score of 100.

The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory scale contains 27 items. It a psychometric scale that asks the volunteer to rate, on a 4-point Likert scale, their coping skills for sports performance.

The GSES measures (10 statements) how a person deals with stressors/difficult situations in life. The scale is about a person's self-confidence that his or her actions are responsible for successful outcomes or, in other words, that one has control over challenging demands imposed by the environment.