Ketamine Effects as Preemptive Analgesia

The intervention was prepared by the research team (anesthesia resident) in the form of ketamine which had been diluted to a dosage of 10 mg/cc, taken according to the required dose based on actual body weight then diluted with 0.9% NaCl to 10 cc. Then the two solutions were given to researchers without knowing the contents of the drugs that had been prepared by the resident who assisted in this research.

While the 0.9% NaCl solution was used as placebo was prepared in a 10 cc syringe