Coping in Heart Failure Partnership Intervention

Participants were trained to use a 4-step problem-solving process based on the Theory of Social Problem-Solving (TSPS) to manage HF-related problems experienced in the home over 12-weeks. The core belief of TSPS is effective problem-solving requires a positive problem orientation (i.e., viewing problems as a challenge versus a threat) and elicits rational problem-solving versus avoidance or impulsivity/carelessness. Problem-solving follows from a positive problem orientation and involves accurate problem identification, generation of appropriate potential solutions, active decision-making, and solution implementation and evaluation. The goal of this intervention was to move HF patients toward a positive problem orientation and use of rational problem-solving strategies that support greater HF self-care and reduce depression. The COPE-HF Partnership Intervention consisted of 1 home visit and 7 follow-up telehealth sessions led by a registered nurse interventionist.

Participants in the attention group received a sham intervention that consisted of scheduled telephone calls consistent with the timing of that received by the intervention group. During these calls, basic information was gathered on key areas of heart failure self-care management and the frequency of healthcare usage. No intervention or education was provided.