Virtual Histology of the Bladder Wall for Bladder Cancer Staging

60-cm wide bore 3T scanner (Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) with a 32-channel pelvic phased-array coil placed over the bladder.

A paramagnetic macrocyclic gadolinium-based contrast agent administered intravenously for use in magnetic resonance imaging. Contrast-enhancement is a result of the neutral complex of gadolinium and dihydroxy-hydroxymethylpropyl- tetraazacyclododecane-triacetic acid (butrol).

An iron preparation (Fe3O4) approved for intravenous treatment of anemia in the setting of renal failure, comprised of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles which are coated by a semi-synthetic carbohydrate shell in an isotonic, neutral pH solution.