Susceptibility Testing Guided Versus Empirical Therapy for Refractory H. Pylori Infection

Empirical therapy Based on drug history: Levofloxacin sequential therapy or bismuth quadruple therapy (10 or 14 days) or rifabutin triple/quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy

Susceptibility testing guided therapy Based on susceptibility test: Levofloxacin sequential therapy or bismuth quadruple therapy (10 or 14 days) or rifabutin triple/quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy