Calcium Handling and Epicardial Ablation

"In general anesthesia and left lung ventilation, authors will access the right thorax by three working ports. However, a rigid video thoracoscopic camera with a direct optics will be used. Pericardium will be widely opened anterior to a phrenic nerve and transverse and oblique sinuses were dissected. An insertion of the ablation catheter will be a tricky part of the surgery with the first MW catheter, while no special introducer will be provided. Later RF devices will be equipped with a special flexible introducers, lately also with a magnetic tip and the positioning of the catheter around PVs became much safer and easier.~The correct position of catheter will be visualized by trans esophageal echocardiography before the ablation."