Endoscopic Variceal Ligation in Children

Endoscopic varices ligation was performed with a six-shooter multiband ligator (Cook Medical, Limerick, Ireland) if medium to large varices or reddish spots, regardless of the grade of the varix, were observed. Each varix was ligated 1-2 cm above the gastro-esophageal junction, with 1 or 2 rubber bands and using no more than 5 rubber bands per session.

Patients of the Propranolol group that presented medium to large esophageal varices without contraindication to Non-Selective Beta-Blockers, received propranolol, 1 mg/Kg/day every 8 hours, titrated to reduce the basal heart rate in 25% and not exceeding 5 mg/Kg/day. Patients were evaluated monthly until this reduction in heart rate was achieved, and every three to six months thereafter.