Efficacy of Drug and Risk Behavior Counseling Intervention Among Injecting Drug Users at Opioid Substitution Treatment

Patients receive some HIV risk education for the enrollment; after that, health education is delivered irregularly (1-2 times a month or none), based on the patient's needs. During MMT treatment, the participant receives monthly random urine testing for opiate use and HIV testing as needed. Monthly meetings between the patient and physician are expected to occur however, there is no structure to these sessions and content is considered to be quite variable.