66
Participants
Start Date
June 1, 2014
Primary Completion Date
December 1, 2015
Study Completion Date
December 1, 2015
vapocoolant spray
As a topical pre caudal epidural block anesthesia, spinal needle insertion site was sprayed using an vapocoolant spray for 10-sec from a distance of 30 cm
local infiltration
As a topical pre caudal epidural block anesthesia, spinal needle insertion site was injected subcutaneously using 3ml of 2% lidocaine
Soonchunhyang University Hospital
OTHER
The Catholic University of Korea
OTHER