Shaping Anesthetic Techniques to Reduce Post-operative Delirium

Patients having lumbar spinal surgery and receiving spinal anesthesia will receive propofol for light sedation.

Patients having lumbar spinal surgery and receiving general anesthesia will receive propofol and their induction agent.

Patients having lumbar spinal surgery and receiving general anesthesia will receive a volatile anesthetic for their maintenance anesthesia.

Patients having lumbar spinal surgery and receiving general anesthesia with receive a muscle relaxant for muscle paralysis.

Patients having lumbar spinal surgery and receiving general anesthesia will receive fentanyl for their pain during surgery.

All patients will be monitored with Bispectral Index (BIS) to monitor the patient's depth of anesthesia.

Patients receiving spinal anesthesia will receive bupivacaine into the subarachnoid space.

Midazolam may be administered during spinal needle insertion for patients receiving spinal anesthesia.

8 ml of cerebrospinal fluid may be collected prior to the administration of intrathecal administration of morphine for pain control.

Patient may receive intrathecal morphine for post-operative pain control.