Effects of Systemic or Adjunct Tramadol Addition to Lidocaine Used for IVRA in Patients Undergoing Hand Surgery

IVRA was performed with 3 mg/kg lidocaine (10% Lidocaine) plus 50 mg tramadol, which were administered after diluting with saline to 40 mL. While performing IVRA, 30 mL saline was simultaneously administered to the systemic circulation

IVRA was performed with 3 mg/kg lidocaine, which was diluted with saline to 40 mL. While performing IVRA, 50 mg tramadol diluted with saline to 30 mL was simultaneously administered to the systemic circulation

If the patient had a VAS score of \>4 and if required, 1 μg/kg fentanyl was administered for analgesia and the dosage and time were recorded.

"The patients received premedication 45 min before the surgery with intramuscular 0.01 mg/kg atropine.~In case of bradycardia (HR \<50/min), 0.5 mg intravenous atropine was administered."

The patients received premedication 45 min before the surgery with intramuscular 0.07 mg/kg midazolam

The patients with a VAS score of \>4 were administered with 75 mg diclofenac sodium via intramuscular route.

In the event of hypotension (systolic arterial pressure \<90 mmHg or a decrease of more than 50 mmHg from the normal value) during the surgery, 5 mg intravenous ephedrine was administered.

Intravenous 4 mg ondansetron was administered for nausea and vomiting.