Mechanisms of Altered Ventilatory Control in Heart Failure

During study visits 2 and 3 you will receive an intrathecal (fluid filled space surrounding the spinal cord) injection of either fentanyl or placebo (saline). Fentanyl is an opiate (narcotic) drug and a common medication, however the way fentanyl is being used in this study is considered investigational.

A catheter (small plastic tube placed in a blood vessel) will be placed in an artery in your arm and a second catheter will be placed in a vein in your leg. Local anesthetic will be used to minimize discomfort. These catheters will allow us to measure blood pressure, leg blood flow and draw blood.

You will be asked to exercise, ride a stationary bike, at maximal exertion.

During study visit one you will have a DEXA scan. This procedure requires you to lie on a table while a small x-ray tube passes under your body.

During study visit one you will be asked to perform 5 different breathing tests to help us better understand your lung function.

You will have approximately 350 mls (1.25 cups) of blood drawn during the duration of this study.

Using a bag you breath in and out your own air.