TIPS Combined With Variceal Embolization for the Prevention of Variceal Rebleeding in Patients With Cirrhosis

TIPS will be performed with a standard technique. TIPS revision will be planned if any evidence of shunt dysfunction is observed.

Embolization of gastroesophageal collaterals will be conducted via the same jugular vein before TIPS implantation. The major procedures includ (a) angiography of gastroesophageal collaterals after successful intrahepatic puncture of a branch of the portal vein and (b) embolization of gastroesophageal collaterals with coils of varying diameters, which result in the gastroesophageal collaterals disappearing at postembolization angiography.