Nonvisual Foot Examination for People With Diabetes and Visual Impairment

Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) with Nonvisual Foot Examination included comprehensive DSME taught by Certified Diabetes Educators that included instruction in nonvisual self-examination of feet using the senses of touch and smell.

DSME with usual foot examination instruction was comprehensive diabetes self management education taught by Certified Diabetes Educators that included usual care instructions for examination for feet at home by visually impaired persons, i.e., to have a sighted person check the feet regularly.