Costs and Consequences of Three Common Orthopedic Procedures on the Upper Extremity

Total shoulder prosthesis: Anatomic or reverse total shoulder replacement is a well-standardized procedure usually performed under general anesthesia with the patient in a beach-chair position

Arthroscopic rotator cuff tear reconstruction. The shoulder arthroscopy is performed according to internal and international standard procedure with patients positioned in beach-chair position under general anesthesia.

"One of five surgical techniques can be used in this study, as routinely performed by each surgeon:~1. RISA with FCR-Ligament (flexor carpi radialis ligament) modified according to Epping~2. RISA with FCR-Ligament modified according to Weilby~3. RISA with APL-Ligament (abductor pollicis longus ligament)~4. RISA with Graftjacket modified according to Weilby~5. Resection arthroplasty"