Effect of Different Length of Time for Trainees to Attempt Cannulation on Success Rate of Selective Cannulation During hands-on ERCP Training

The standard cannulation technique was used with a sphincterotome preloaded with a guidewire, positioned in the ampullary orifice, and targeting the presumed entry of common bile duct (CBD) or pancreatic duct (PD). During the whole procedure of cannulation by trainees, the senior endoscopist would actively communicate with trainees through verbal and/or hands-on assistance to help them to make the performance more correctly. If the trainees failed to enter the targeted duct within the designated length of time, the senior endoscopist would take over the duodenoscope and continue the following procedure of cannulation. The whole procedure of cannulation was recorded by video. Rectal indomethacin and/or pancreatic stent was used in high-risky patients.