Nutritional Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients With Muscle Atrophy

"Phase A, Rehabilitation (4 months): 3 nutritional supplements daily~Phase B, Maintenance (8 months): nutritional supplementation on advice (1 supplement daily)~Phase C, Follow-up (3 months): no supplementation"

"Phase A, Rehabilitation (4 months): 3 placebo nutritional supplements daily~Phase B, Maintenance (8 months): No supplementation~Phase C, Follow-up (3 months): No supplementation"

"Phase A, Rehabilitation (4 months): No counselling~Phase B, Maintenance (8 months): Nutritional counselling (4x)~Phase C, Follow-up (3 months): No counselling~Aim:~1. Optimising dietary intake to physical activity pattern and energy expenditure.~2. Minimize deterioration of dietary intake during acute exacerbations.~3. Optimize dietary lipid profile with respect to total fat intake; trans fatty acids and proportion of poly-unsaturated fatty acids to modulate cardiovascular risk and muscle fatty acid metabolism.~4. Increasing adherence/compliance by addressing issues like taste fatigue, gastro-intestinal symptoms, individual preferences and lifestyle."

"Phase A, Rehabilitation (4 months): No exercise counselling~Phase B, Maintenance (8 months): Exercise counselling (2x)~Phase C, Follow-up (3 months): No exercise counselling~Aim:~1. Integration of exercise behaviour into daily routine~2. Improvement of self-regulation skills (e.g. self-monitoring, goal setting, action planning)~3. Increasing adherence/compliance by addressing issues like coping with difficult situation, individual preferences and lifestyle"